Industrial production up by 2.6% in the euro area and by 1.9% in the EU

Overview

In March 2025, compared with February 2025, seasonally adjusted industrial production increased by 2.6% in the euro area and by 1.9% in the EU, according to first estimates from Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In February 2025, industrial production grew by 1.1% in both the euro area and the EU.

In March 2025, compared with March 2024, industrial production increased by 3.6% in the euro area and by 2.7% in the EU .

Industrial production

Monthly comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in March 2025, compared with February 2025, industrial production

increased for intermediate goods by 0.6%,
decreased for energy by 0.5%,
increased for capital goods by 3.2%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 3.1%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 2.3%.

In the EU, industrial production

increased for intermediate goods by 0.2%,
decreased for energy by 1.7%,
increased for capital goods by 3.0%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 2.8%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 1.3%.

The highest monthly increases were recorded in Ireland (+14.6%), Malta (+4.4%) and Finland (+3.5%). The largest decreases were observed in Luxembourg (-6.3%), Denmark and Greece (both -4.6%) and Portugal (-4.0%).

Annual comparison by main industrial grouping and by Member State

In the euro area in March 2025, compared with March 2024, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 0.2%,
increased for energy by 2.2%,
increased for capital goods by 1.0%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 1.1%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 15.7%.

In the EU, industrial production

decreased for intermediate goods by 0.2%,
increased for energy by 0.8%,
increased for capital goods by 1.0%,
increased for durable consumer goods by 1.3%,
increased for non-durable consumer goods by 12.2%.

The highest annual increases were recorded in Ireland (+50.2%), Malta (+10.1%) and Lithuania (+7.8%). The largest decreases were observed in Bulgaria (-8.3%), Romania (-7.8%) and Denmark (-5.7%).

Tables

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area
Total industry	0.3	0.3	-0.6	0.8	1.1	2.6
Intermediate goods	0.2	0.5	-1.2	1.0	0.6	0.6
Energy	-1.2	2.1	1.5	-1.1	0.6	-0.5
Capital goods	1.7	0.3	-1.9	0.0	0.8	3.2
Durable consumer goods	-1.2	1.8	0.0	-0.8	-2.0	3.1
Non-durable consumer goods	-2.1	-0.3	6.2	-2.3	2.1	2.3
EU
Total industry	0.6	0.0	-0.2	0.2	1.1	1.9
Intermediate goods	0.5	0.2	-1.1	1.0	0.3	0.2
Energy	-0.9	2.0	1.3	-2.0	1.6	-1.7
Capital goods	1.5	0.0	-1.5	-0.3	0.9	3.0
Durable consumer goods	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-1.0	-1.7	2.8
Non-durable consumer goods	-0.5	-0.8	6.2	-3.2	1.9	1.3
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with previous month*
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area	0.3	0.3	-0.6	0.8	1.1	2.6
EU	0.6	0.0	-0.2	0.2	1.1	1.9
Belgium	-4.6	4.8	-8.9	3.8	1.4	1.7
Bulgaria	-0.9	-0.3	-2.2	-2.1	-0.5	-3.6
Czechia	-0.4	-1.6	1.9	-0.5	1.7	0.5
Denmark	6.7	-5.2	4.3	-8.8	5.1	-4.6
Germany	-0.7	1.5	-1.8	1.8	-0.5	3.1
Estonia	2.0	3.3	1.4	-6.3	5.8	-1.3
Ireland	6.3	-3.4	8.5	-3.1	11.5	14.6
Greece	0.7	1.7	2.6	-1.1	2.4	-4.6
Spain	1.4	-1.9	1.1	-1.2	0.9	1.0
France	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.6	1.1	0.1
Croatia	-2.7	-1.7	6.3	2.1	-3.9	-2.0
Italy	0.2	0.6	-2.7	2.6	-0.9	0.1
Cyprus	1.0	-3.2	3.7	1.7	0.8	-1.2
Latvia	0.4	-1.0	-0.8	1.8	1.2	-2.0
Lithuania	-4.5	3.9	2.2	4.5	-3.0	2.8
Luxembourg	-0.4	-0.6	5.8	-2.7	2.3	-6.3
Hungary	1.9	-0.1	-2.9	0.5	-1.2	0.1
Malta	0.0	7.1	3.9	-11.6	3.4	4.4
Netherlands	0.5	1.2	-1.0	0.5	1.3	-0.3
Austria	-1.6	-0.1	0.8	3.3	-0.6	-0.3
Poland	3.6	-3.0	-0.5	0.7	0.0	-1.4
Portugal	3.8	-3.8	-3.8	4.8	4.7	-4.0
Romania	0.4	0.1	-1.2	2.2	-2.3	-0.5
Slovenia	2.1	-1.8	0.6	0.4	-1.8	-1.3
Slovakia	1.0	-1.4	0.4	-7.1	5.4	0.7
Finland	0.4	1.1	-1.9	0.4	-1.1	3.5
Sweden	-1.0	1.6	5.4	-6.7	-0.6	-0.5
Norway	9.8	0.0	-0.2	-1.9	1.5	-0.4
Switzerland	1.6	-1.4	3.2	:	:	:
* Calendar and seasonally adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area
Total industry	-1.1	-2.0	-1.8	-0.4	1.0	3.6
Intermediate goods	-3.0	-2.2	-2.0	-1.3	-2.7	-0.2
Energy	-0.7	-0.2	0.7	-1.6	2.2	2.2
Capital goods	-2.3	-3.1	-7.3	-3.2	-1.9	1.0
Durable consumer goods	-4.2	-0.2	-1.1	0.0	-4.1	1.1
Non-durable consumer goods	3.6	-0.8	7.1	6.4	9.2	15.7
EU
Total industry	-0.6	-1.6	-1.5	-0.5	0.6	2.7
Intermediate goods	-2.5	-1.8	-1.9	-0.8	-2.2	-0.2
Energy	-1.2	0.1	0.8	-2.3	2.2	0.8
Capital goods	-2.0	-2.9	-6.9	-3.2	-1.8	1.0
Durable consumer goods	-2.4	0.7	-1.2	0.3	-3.7	1.3
Non-durable consumer goods	4.2	-0.3	7.7	5.2	7.4	12.2
* Calendar adjusted Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Industrial production % change compared with same month of the previous year*
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area	-1.1	-2.0	-1.8	-0.4	1.0	3.6
EU	-0.6	-1.6	-1.5	-0.5	0.6	2.7
Belgium	-5.4	4.7	-11.3	-3.9	-1.5	-2.2
Bulgaria	-1.5	2.4	-3.9	-3.3	-3.5	-8.3
Czechia	-1.6	-2.4	-2.7	-0.8	1.6	1.5
Denmark	10.6	0.7	2.7	-7.1	-4.0	-5.7
Germany	-4.4	-3.0	-3.1	-2.3	-3.5	0.3
Estonia	0.4	0.4	-4.4	-2.8	2.6	0.5
Ireland	15.1	-5.0	11.0	10.0	38.2	50.2
Greece	-2.7	3.2	5.8	1.1	6.1	1.7
Spain	3.0	-0.9	2.2	-1.4	-1.8	1.3
France	-0.6	-0.7	-0.9	-1.0	-0.1	0.3
Croatia	-1.8	-6.3	5.4	7.6	5.4	3.1
Italy	-4.2	-1.9	-6.7	-0.8	-2.6	-1.8
Cyprus	2.5	-5.0	1.8	6.3	6.9	2.0
Latvia	-1.7	-4.3	-6.2	-0.1	2.5	-2.5
Lithuania	0.4	5.2	7.6	9.9	8.9	7.8
Luxembourg	-2.0	-2.1	3.3	3.1	2.7	-4.3
Hungary	-3.4	-1.3	-8.0	-4.3	-8.0	-5.4
Malta	6.1	14.0	14.3	5.1	7.0	10.1
Netherlands	-0.4	1.3	-3.1	0.3	1.7	2.3
Austria	-5.2	-5.4	-5.3	0.0	0.9	0.4
Poland	3.0	0.8	-1.3	1.9	1.2	2.8
Portugal	4.4	-2.0	-5.1	-2.8	1.0	-5.6
Romania	-1.0	-0.7	-3.6	1.9	-3.5	-7.8
Slovenia	2.9	-1.9	1.1	1.9	-2.8	-1.9
Slovakia	2.1	1.3	1.1	-5.1	-1.4	3.5
Finland	0.4	2.3	1.5	-0.9	-2.7	7.7
Sweden	-2.0	0.5	6.5	-2.3	-1.5	-2.7
Norway	2.1	0.4	0.3	-6.5	-0.1	-3.2
Switzerland	1.4	0.8	4.1	:	:	:
* Calendar adjusted : Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar and seasonally adjusted (base year 2021)
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area	96.7	97.0	96.4	97.2	98.3	100.9
EU	98.5	98.5	98.3	98.5	99.6	101.5
Belgium	87.7	91.9	83.7	86.9	88.1	89.6
Bulgaria	101.1	100.8	98.6	96.5	96.0	92.5
Czechia	99.7	98.1	100.0	99.5	101.2	101.7
Denmark	134.1	127.1	132.6	120.9	127.1	121.3
Germany	90.8	92.2	90.5	92.1	91.6	94.4
Estonia	87.8	90.7	92.0	86.2	91.2	90.0
Ireland	109.3	105.6	114.6	111.0	123.8	141.9
Greece	107.9	109.7	112.5	111.3	114.0	108.7
Spain	102.7	100.7	101.8	100.6	101.5	102.5
France	101.3	101.2	101.0	100.4	101.5	101.6
Croatia	99.1	97.4	103.5	105.7	101.6	99.6
Italy	93.5	94.1	91.6	94.0	93.2	93.3
Cyprus	108.6	105.1	109.0	110.8	111.7	110.4
Latvia	94.1	93.2	92.5	94.2	95.3	93.4
Lithuania	101.3	105.3	107.6	112.4	109.0	112.0
Luxembourg	89.6	89.1	94.3	91.8	93.9	88.0
Hungary	96.3	96.2	93.4	93.9	92.8	92.9
Malta	113.6	121.7	126.4	111.8	115.6	120.7
Netherlands	99.8	101.0	100.0	100.5	101.8	101.5
Austria	99.4	99.3	100.1	103.4	102.8	102.5
Poland	113.8	110.4	109.9	110.7	110.7	109.2
Portugal	100.6	96.8	93.1	97.6	102.2	98.1
Romania	96.9	97.0	95.8	97.9	95.6	95.1
Slovenia	96.6	94.9	95.5	95.9	94.2	93.0
Slovakia	101.8	100.4	100.8	93.6	98.7	99.4
Finland	101.3	102.4	100.5	100.9	99.8	103.3
Sweden	100.7	102.3	107.8	100.6	100.0	99.5
Norway	102.8	102.8	102.6	100.6	102.1	101.7
Switzerland	109.5	108.0	111.5	:	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Production indices for total industry, calendar adjusted (base year 2021)
	Oct-24	Nov-24	Dec-24	Jan-25	Feb-25	Mar-25
Euro area	102.0	103.3	92.6	93.4	96.4	108.0
EU	104.0	104.8	94.7	94.9	97.6	108.9
Belgium	94.1	93.4	81.2	83.3	84.8	97.9
Bulgaria	106.0	104.9	101.7	90.8	90.7	93.4
Czechia	105.8	106.0	92.7	95.5	98.0	110.2
Denmark	138.2	134.8	137.4	120.0	121.6	125.8
Germany	93.4	98.7	86.5	85.9	89.5	103.2
Estonia	93.4	94.5	89.1	82.9	86.8	96.8
Ireland	124.6	126.3	114.2	108.1	111.4	134.0
Greece	106.4	106.3	112.9	101.9	112.6	109.9
Spain	108.2	105.1	93.8	98.1	102.2	108.0
France	106.4	105.7	103.0	104.0	102.0	110.9
Croatia	106.6	100.3	100.4	96.8	98.2	106.5
Italy	101.7	98.6	80.2	90.0	96.1	103.5
Cyprus	110.9	101.6	109.3	103.3	108.1	111.4
Latvia	101.3	101.4	95.8	74.4	86.9	94.2
Lithuania	106.0	108.9	104.7	105.0	101.6	114.7
Luxembourg	94.4	90.7	90.1	87.4	94.1	98.6
Hungary	102.2	102.4	83.3	88.9	93.9	100.1
Malta	118.9	125.1	115.3	104.6	108.5	127.5
Netherlands	103.0	104.7	100.9	97.5	98.5	108.5
Austria	103.6	104.6	99.7	93.1	99.2	112.5
Poland	120.0	115.5	105.1	108.1	108.8	118.7
Portugal	102.1	100.9	84.5	99.0	99.3	104.3
Romania	101.9	101.8	91.1	93.0	91.6	100.2
Slovenia	102.0	99.5	85.9	92.8	92.2	101.6
Slovakia	110.5	107.0	91.9	91.3	99.3	105.4
Finland	105.9	106.4	109.2	97.9	92.5	108.7
Sweden	108.0	109.0	111.6	100.1	100.7	113.9
Norway	106.5	107.5	110.2	108.4	100.3	108.6
Switzerland	114.3	109.9	110.3	:	:	:
: Data not available Source dataset: sts_inpr_m

Notes for users

Revisions and timetable

Compared with data issued in the News Release of 15 April 2025, the monthly percentage increase for February 2025 remained unchanged at +1.1% in the euro area and has been revised from +1.0% to +1.1% in the EU. The annual percentage increase has been revised from +1.2% to +1.0% in the euro area and remained unchanged at +0.6% in the EU.

Methods and definitions

The index of industrial production measures the evolution of the volume of production for industry excluding construction, based on data adjusted for calendar and seasonal effects.

Seasonally adjusted euro area and EU series are calculated by aggregating the seasonally adjusted national data.

Total industry covers NACE rev.2 sections B to D. Missing observations from Member States for recent months are estimated for the calculation of the euro area and the EU aggregates.

This month the Irish industrial production data were very volatile. The volatility comes from the nature of the Irish economy. Many multinational groups have headquartered their international operations in Ireland. These multinationals frequently use contract manufacturing or arrangements to have their products made in other countries, meanwhile they keep the intellectual property rights and income in their Irish subsidiaries. In business statistics, such subcontracted production is part of the national industrial production; those operations have an impact on the industrial production index. The high weight of subcontracted production makes the Irish industrial production index volatile, monthly changes can be higher than in other countries.

Geographical information

The euro area (EA20) includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.

The European Union (EU27) includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.